API Reference

LimiterSession	Session that adds rate-limiting behavior to requests.
LimiterAdapter	Transport adapter that adds rate-limiting behavior to requests.
LimiterMixin	Mixin class that adds rate-limiting behavior to requests.

class requests_ratelimiter.LimiterSession(per_second=0, per_minute=0, per_hour=0, per_day=0, per_month=0, burst=1, bucket_class=<class 'pyrate_limiter.bucket.MemoryListBucket'>, bucket_kwargs=None, time_function=None, limiter=None, max_delay=None, per_host=True, limit_statuses=(429, ), bucket_name=None, **kwargs)

Bases: LimiterMixin, Session

Session that adds rate-limiting behavior to requests.

The following parameters also apply to LimiterMixin and LimiterAdapter.

Note

The per_* params are aliases for the most common rate limit intervals; for more complex rate limits, you can provide a Limiter object instead.

Parameters:

• per_second (float) – Max requests per second

• per_minute (float) – Max requests per minute

• per_hour (float) – Max requests per hour

• per_day (float) – Max requests per day

• per_month (float) – Max requests per month

• burst (float) – Max number of consecutive requests allowed before applying per-second rate-limiting

• bucket_class (Type[AbstractBucket]) – Bucket backend class; may be one of MemoryQueueBucket (default), SQLiteBucket, or RedisBucket

• bucket_kwargs (Optional[Dict]) – Bucket backend keyword arguments

• limiter (Optional[Limiter]) – An existing Limiter object to use instead of the above params

• max_delay (Union[int, float, None]) – The maximum allowed delay time (in seconds); anything over this will abort the request and raise a BucketFullException

• per_host (bool) – Track request rate limits separately for each host

• limit_statuses (Iterable[int]) – Alternative HTTP status codes that indicate a rate limit was exceeded

auth

Default Authentication tuple or object to attach to Request.

cert

SSL client certificate default, if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, (‘cert’, ‘key’) pair.

close()

Closes all adapters and as such the session

cookies

A CookieJar containing all currently outstanding cookies set on this session. By default it is a RequestsCookieJar, but may be any other cookielib.CookieJar compatible object.

delete(url, **kwargs)

Sends a DELETE request. Returns Response object.

Parameters:

• url – URL for the new Request object.

• **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.

Return type:

requests.Response

get(url, **kwargs)

Sends a GET request. Returns Response object.

Parameters:

• url – URL for the new Request object.

• **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.

Return type:

requests.Response

get_adapter(url)

Returns the appropriate connection adapter for the given URL.

Return type:

requests.adapters.BaseAdapter

get_redirect_target(resp)

Receives a Response. Returns a redirect URI or None

head(url, **kwargs)

Sends a HEAD request. Returns Response object.

Parameters:

• url – URL for the new Request object.

• **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.

Return type:

requests.Response

headers

A case-insensitive dictionary of headers to be sent on each Request sent from this Session.

hooks

Event-handling hooks.

max_redirects

Maximum number of redirects allowed. If the request exceeds this limit, a TooManyRedirects exception is raised. This defaults to requests.models.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT, which is 30.

merge_environment_settings(url, proxies, stream, verify, cert)

Check the environment and merge it with some settings.

Return type:

dict

mount(prefix, adapter)

Registers a connection adapter to a prefix.

Adapters are sorted in descending order by prefix length.

options(url, **kwargs)

Sends a OPTIONS request. Returns Response object.

Parameters:

• url – URL for the new Request object.

• **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.

Return type:

requests.Response

params

Dictionary of querystring data to attach to each Request. The dictionary values may be lists for representing multivalued query parameters.

patch(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a PATCH request. Returns Response object.

Parameters:

• url – URL for the new Request object.

• data – (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.

• **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.

Return type:

requests.Response

post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs)

Sends a POST request. Returns Response object.

Parameters:

• url – URL for the new Request object.

• data – (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.

• json – (optional) json to send in the body of the Request.

• **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.

Return type:

requests.Response

prepare_request(request)

Constructs a PreparedRequest for transmission and returns it. The PreparedRequest has settings merged from the Request instance and those of the Session.

Parameters:

request – Request instance to prepare with this session’s settings.

Return type:

requests.PreparedRequest

proxies

Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and host to the URL of the proxy (e.g. {‘http’: ‘foo.bar:3128’, ‘http://host.name’: ‘foo.bar:4012’}) to be used on each Request.

put(url, data=None, **kwargs)

Sends a PUT request. Returns Response object.

Parameters:

• url – URL for the new Request object.

• data – (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.

• **kwargs – Optional arguments that request takes.

Return type:

requests.Response

rebuild_auth(prepared_request, response)

When being redirected we may want to strip authentication from the request to avoid leaking credentials. This method intelligently removes and reapplies authentication where possible to avoid credential loss.

rebuild_method(prepared_request, response)

When being redirected we may want to change the method of the request based on certain specs or browser behavior.

rebuild_proxies(prepared_request, proxies)

This method re-evaluates the proxy configuration by considering the environment variables. If we are redirected to a URL covered by NO_PROXY, we strip the proxy configuration. Otherwise, we set missing proxy keys for this URL (in case they were stripped by a previous redirect).

This method also replaces the Proxy-Authorization header where necessary.

Return type:

dict

request(method, url, params=None, data=None, headers=None, cookies=None, files=None, auth=None, timeout=None, allow_redirects=True, proxies=None, hooks=None, stream=None, verify=None, cert=None, json=None)

Constructs a Request, prepares it and sends it. Returns Response object.

Parameters:

• method – method for the new Request object.

• url – URL for the new Request object.

• params – (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the Request.

• data – (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.

• json – (optional) json to send in the body of the Request.

• headers – (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the Request.

• cookies – (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the Request.

• files – (optional) Dictionary of 'filename': file-like-objects for multipart encoding upload.

• auth – (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.

• timeout (float or tuple) – (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data before giving up, as a float, or a (connect timeout, read timeout) tuple.

• allow_redirects (bool) – (optional) Set to True by default.

• proxies – (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and hostname to the URL of the proxy.

• hooks – (optional) Dictionary mapping hook name to one event or list of events, event must be callable.

• stream – (optional) whether to immediately download the response content. Defaults to False.

• verify – (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server’s TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to True. When set to False, requests will accept any TLS certificate presented by the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or expired certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. Setting verify to False may be useful during local development or testing.

• cert – (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, (‘cert’, ‘key’) pair.

Return type:

requests.Response

resolve_redirects(resp, req, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None, yield_requests=False, **adapter_kwargs)

Receives a Response. Returns a generator of Responses or Requests.

send(request, **kwargs)

Send a request with rate-limiting.

Raises:

.BucketFullException –

Return type:

Response

should_strip_auth(old_url, new_url)

Decide whether Authorization header should be removed when redirecting

stream

Stream response content default.

trust_env

Trust environment settings for proxy configuration, default authentication and similar.

verify

SSL Verification default. Defaults to True, requiring requests to verify the TLS certificate at the remote end. If verify is set to False, requests will accept any TLS certificate presented by the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or expired certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. Only set this to False for testing.

class requests_ratelimiter.LimiterAdapter(per_second=0, per_minute=0, per_hour=0, per_day=0, per_month=0, burst=1, bucket_class=<class 'pyrate_limiter.bucket.MemoryListBucket'>, bucket_kwargs=None, time_function=None, limiter=None, max_delay=None, per_host=True, limit_statuses=(429, ), bucket_name=None, **kwargs)

Bases: LimiterMixin, HTTPAdapter

Transport adapter that adds rate-limiting behavior to requests.

See LimiterSession for parameter details.

add_headers(request, **kwargs)

Add any headers needed by the connection. As of v2.0 this does nothing by default, but is left for overriding by users that subclass the HTTPAdapter.

This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parameters:

• request – The PreparedRequest to add headers to.

• kwargs – The keyword arguments from the call to send().

build_connection_pool_key_attributes(request, verify, cert=None)

Build the PoolKey attributes used by urllib3 to return a connection.

This looks at the PreparedRequest, the user-specified verify value, and the value of the cert parameter to determine what PoolKey values to use to select a connection from a given urllib3 Connection Pool.

The SSL related pool key arguments are not consistently set. As of this writing, use the following to determine what keys may be in that dictionary:

• If verify is True, "ssl_context" will be set and will be the default Requests SSL Context

• If verify is False, "ssl_context" will not be set but "cert_reqs" will be set

• If verify is a string, (i.e., it is a user-specified trust bundle) "ca_certs" will be set if the string is not a directory recognized by os.path.isdir(), otherwise "ca_certs_dir" will be set.

• If "cert" is specified, "cert_file" will always be set. If "cert" is a tuple with a second item, "key_file" will also be present

To override these settings, one may subclass this class, call this method and use the above logic to change parameters as desired. For example, if one wishes to use a custom ssl.SSLContext one must both set "ssl_context" and based on what else they require, alter the other keys to ensure the desired behaviour.

Parameters:

• request (PreparedRequest) – The PreparedReqest being sent over the connection.

• verify – Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server’s TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use.

• cert – (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate for client authentication (a.k.a., mTLS). This may be a string (i.e., just the path to a file which holds both certificate and key) or a tuple of length 2 with the certificate file path and key file path.

Returns:

A tuple of two dictionaries. The first is the “host parameters” portion of the Pool Key including scheme, hostname, and port. The second is a dictionary of SSLContext related parameters.

build_response(req, resp)

Builds a Response object from a urllib3 response. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter

Parameters:

• req – The PreparedRequest used to generate the response.

• resp – The urllib3 response object.

Return type:

requests.Response

cert_verify(conn, url, verify, cert)

Verify a SSL certificate. This method should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parameters:

• conn – The urllib3 connection object associated with the cert.

• url – The requested URL.

• verify – Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server’s TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use

• cert – The SSL certificate to verify.

close()

Disposes of any internal state.

Currently, this closes the PoolManager and any active ProxyManager, which closes any pooled connections.

get_connection(url, proxies=None)

DEPRECATED: Users should move to get_connection_with_tls_context for all subclasses of HTTPAdapter using Requests>=2.32.2.

Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parameters:

• url – The URL to connect to.

• proxies – (optional) A Requests-style dictionary of proxies used on this request.

Return type:

urllib3.ConnectionPool

get_connection_with_tls_context(request, verify, proxies=None, cert=None)

Returns a urllib3 connection for the given request and TLS settings. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parameters:

• request – The PreparedRequest object to be sent over the connection.

• verify – Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server’s TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use.

• proxies – (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.

• cert – (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be used for client authentication (a.k.a., mTLS).

Return type:

urllib3.ConnectionPool

init_poolmanager(connections, maxsize, block=False, **pool_kwargs)

Initializes a urllib3 PoolManager.

This method should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parameters:

• connections – The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.

• maxsize – The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.

• block – Block when no free connections are available.

• pool_kwargs – Extra keyword arguments used to initialize the Pool Manager.

proxy_headers(proxy)

Returns a dictionary of the headers to add to any request sent through a proxy. This works with urllib3 magic to ensure that they are correctly sent to the proxy, rather than in a tunnelled request if CONNECT is being used.

This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parameters:

proxy – The url of the proxy being used for this request.

Return type:

dict

proxy_manager_for(proxy, **proxy_kwargs)

Return urllib3 ProxyManager for the given proxy.

This method should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parameters:

• proxy – The proxy to return a urllib3 ProxyManager for.

• proxy_kwargs – Extra keyword arguments used to configure the Proxy Manager.

Returns:

ProxyManager

Return type:

urllib3.ProxyManager

request_url(request, proxies)

Obtain the url to use when making the final request.

If the message is being sent through a HTTP proxy, the full URL has to be used. Otherwise, we should only use the path portion of the URL.

This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the HTTPAdapter.

Parameters:

• request – The PreparedRequest being sent.

• proxies – A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs.

Return type:

str

send(request, **kwargs)

Send a request with rate-limiting.

Raises:

.BucketFullException –

Return type:

Response

class requests_ratelimiter.LimiterMixin(per_second=0, per_minute=0, per_hour=0, per_day=0, per_month=0, burst=1, bucket_class=<class 'pyrate_limiter.bucket.MemoryListBucket'>, bucket_kwargs=None, time_function=None, limiter=None, max_delay=None, per_host=True, limit_statuses=(429, ), bucket_name=None, **kwargs)

Mixin class that adds rate-limiting behavior to requests.

See LimiterSession for parameter details.